Some of the most popular web server programming languages used for dynamic website development and server-side scripting are:

1. C: C is a general-purpose programming language that is widely used in system-level programming and operating system development. It provides low-level access to memory and hardware, making it efficient for writing high-performance software.
2. C++: C++ is an extension of the C programming language and is widely used for developing system-level software, desktop applications, and performance-critical applications. It supports object-oriented programming and provides additional features such as classes, templates, and exceptions.
3. C#: C# (pronounced “C sharp”) is a programming language developed by Microsoft and widely used for web development with the ASP.NET framework. ASP.NET provides a rich set of tools and libraries for building robust and scalable web applications on Windows servers. C# and ASP.NET are often utilized for enterprise-level applications and integrate well with other Microsoft technologies.
4. PHP: PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely used server-side programming language known for its versatility, ease of use, and extensive community support. It is embedded within HTML code and is supported by most web servers. PHP is commonly used for building dynamic websites, handling forms, interacting with databases, and more.
5. Python: Python is a powerful, general-purpose programming language often used for web development. It offers a wide range of frameworks and libraries such as Django and Flask that facilitate web application development. Python’s simplicity, readability, and extensive library support make it a popular choice among developers.
6. Ruby: Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language that is popular in web development. Ruby on Rails, a widely used web application framework, provides a comprehensive set of tools and conventions for building web applications quickly and efficiently. Ruby’s focus on simplicity and productivity has contributed to its popularity among developers.
7. JavaScript: Although primarily known as a client-side programming language, JavaScript can also be used on the server-side with frameworks like Node.js. With Node.js, JavaScript can handle server-side tasks, build APIs, and develop real-time applications. JavaScript’s ubiquity and flexibility make it a popular choice for full-stack web development.
8. Perl: Perl is a powerful and versatile programming language commonly used for web development tasks. It has a long history and a large number of libraries and modules available. Perl is known for its text processing capabilities, making it suitable for tasks like parsing and manipulating data.
9. Java: Java is a popular programming language that is known for its platform independence, allowing programs written in Java to run on different platforms. It is widely used for developing enterprise-level applications, web services, and Android apps.
10. Go: Go, also known as Golang, is a relatively new programming language developed by Google. It is designed to be simple, efficient, and suitable for concurrent and scalable systems. Go is often used for building web servers, network applications, and cloud-native software.
11. Rust: Rust is a systems programming language that focuses on safety, speed, and concurrency. It provides strong memory safety guarantees while maintaining high-performance capabilities. Rust is gaining popularity for developing low-level software and systems programming tasks.
12. Shell Scripting: Shell scripting, using languages like Bash, is essential for automating tasks and writing system administration scripts in Linux. It allows for the execution of command-line operations and the scripting of complex workflows.

These programming languages serve as the foundation for server-side scripting and dynamic web development. The choice of language depends on factors such as developer familiarity, project requirements, performance needs, and community support. Each language has its own strengths and weaknesses, and developers often choose the one that best suits their specific needs and preferences.